By David Lightman | McClatchy Newspapers
WASHINGTON — Senate Republicans are using the filibuster to limit and often derail Democrats' initiatives, paralyzing the Senate and making it nearly impossible to accomplish even the most routine matters.The filibuster strategy "makes the Senate dysfunctional," said Mark Strand, the president of the Congressional Institute, a nonpartisan research group. That, in turn, blocks the Obama administration's agenda, but it also sours public opinion on Washington, with polls showing clear public disdain for Congress in particular.
Republicans think voters will reward them for that in November.
However disruptive it is to governance, their extensive use of the filibuster — extended debate to block a decisive vote — could prove to be a valuable campaign asset this fall. Democrats used similar tactics in 2006 and won enough seats to gain a Senate majority. Now Republicans hope it's their turn. (I would mention that in 2006 when the Democrats used "similar tactics" they were not playing with the lives of the American people. They were not giving power to Corporations. They were not trying to end Medicare and Social Security. They were not taking jobs away from the American people. They were not taking away our civil rights! Huge difference here so let's set the record straight a bit before we move on-Mem)
Since Barack Obama became president nearly 13 months ago, Republicans have made it clear that 60 votes — the number needed to cut off debate in the 100-member Senate — are required to pass not only major Democratic programs, but also many routine proposals. (Democrats controlled 60 Senate seats from July until last week, when Sen. Scott Brown, R-Mass., was sworn in.)
"Republicans have ratcheted use of the filibuster up to completely unheard of levels. Look at the things that the House (of Representatives) has passed that can't make it through the Senate. The list just keeps growing," said Norman Ornstein, an expert on Congress at the American Enterprise Institute, a center-right policy organization.
The list includes legislation to overhaul health care, which has stalled and isn't a good bet to be revived; global warming legislation; and a bill to overhaul financial regulation. Thursday, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada scaled back a bipartisan jobs bill, fearing that a larger package would get tied up in a filibuster. He also filed a "cloture petition," meaning he plans a vote to cut off a filibuster if one starts.
The Senate's 2009-10 votes to cut off filibusters have come on a wide variety of issues, big and small: Health care, domestic and defense spending, and 15 Obama nominees. While 38 of the 42 votes to cut off debate were successful, the debates about debates tie up the Senate and often prevent measures from ever reaching the floor.
"Republicans are gambling they can convince the American people Democrats can't get much done, and at the moment, their gamble is paying off," said former Sen. Bob Kerrey, a Nebraska Democrat and the president of the New School in New York.
Filibusters weren't supposed to be this effective in the modern era. Senate Rule 22 used to require 67 votes to shut one off. However, outrage at filibusters against civil-rights legislation in the 1950s and 1960s, plus the post-Watergate clean-up-government mood, led to the adoption in 1975 of a 60-vote threshold for ending filibusters.
Ironically, that change helped popularize them.
"Filibusters seemed less Draconian," said Frank Mackaman, the executive director of the Dirksen Congressional Center, a nonprofit research group in Pekin, Ill. "They used to be used for the most important issues, but that's changed."
The evolution was gradual; for decades bipartisanship was still valued. Ronald Reagan's 1981 tax cuts attracted lawmakers from both parties, and even in the early George W. Bush years, his tax cuts, education plan and bid to wage war in Iraq won bipartisan support.
The rise in filibusters began in earnest in 1987, said Senate historian Don Ritchie, when Majority Leader Robert Byrd, D-W.Va., began using the tactic more frequently. Democrats had regained control of the Senate for the first time in the Reagan administration, and Byrd often felt he could attract enough Republicans to get his agenda through.
In the 1990s, the two parties became more polarized, changing the nature of the filibuster. "We used to say a working majority was 55, because you could always get five from the other party on various issues," Ritchie said. "But that middle ground kept getting smaller and smaller."
In addition, interest groups began watching filibuster votes more closely, so "members are rewarded for blocking legislation; it's a badge of courage," Mackaman said.
The biggest change came during the 2005-06 session of Congress when Democrats ramped up use of the filibuster. The party controlled 45 seats and sensed the tactic could spur political gains in 2006.
Democrats threatened or used filibusters on a wide variety of issues, including legislation affecting campaign finance, abortion, war spending, the Patriot Act, and the nominations of Samuel Alito to the Supreme Court and Dirk Kempthorne as Interior Secretary.
Democrats gained six Senate seats in 2006, capturing the majority, and for the next two years the unified, energized party used the tactic to defy increasingly unpopular President George W. Bush. The Senate took a record 112 votes to cut off debate in the 2007-08 session, about 18 percent of all Senate votes.
The current Congress is on a somewhat slower pace; so far, the 42 votes are about 10 percent of the total. While Democrats insist that Republicans are being obstructionist, GOP senators have a different view.
"It strikes me that Democrats are looking for someone to blame for their failed agenda that they can't even get Democrats, let alone the American people, to support," said Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, a 33-year Senate veteran.
Clearly, however, Republicans think they'll gain politically at the polls, hoping that an annoyed public will punish those in power — Democrats — in this year's midterm elections.
"Being unable to stop filibusters can make the party in power look ineffective," said Julian Zelizer, a professor of history and public affairs at Princeton University, who's written extensively on the filibuster. "The Republican goal now is to make Obama look like an ineffective leader."
To that end, Republicans appear to be taking the filibuster to a new level. They've filibustered 15 nominees to mid-level jobs that formerly got routine approval; all ultimately were confirmed except for Craig Becker, whom Obama nominated for the National Labor Relations Board.
Tuesday's bid to cut off debate on Becker fell eight votes short and infuriated many Democrats, who saw the GOP blockage as "unprecedented," as Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., put it.
Sen. Tom Harkin, D-Iowa, is leading a bid to change the filibuster rule so that debate could end if 51 senators agree. However, Reid said that's unlikely.
"It takes 67 votes (to make a rules change) and that kind of answers the question," Reid said Thursday.
Anyway, added Nathan Kelly, a faculty fellow at the Howard Baker Center for Public Policy in Tennessee, "Republicans are not going to be in the minority forever, and they've legitimized the extensive use of the filibuster for Democrats when they're in the minority."
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@Fay Easter
Dems call for stimulus in debt deal as CBO offers warnings
Added at 1:35
@Robert Myers
Added at 1:35
@Robert Myers
thinkprogress.org
Added at 3:20
The republicans should stop pretending that they care about "the people" because the only ones they are worried about are "corporations and their rich friends" not having to pay their fair share of taxes. They would gladly raise taxes on the middle class and the poor and that's the damn truth!-Mem
Added July 2, 2011
@Gary Elliott and Patricia Mangan
Added at 3:20
The republicans should stop pretending that they care about "the people" because the only ones they are worried about are "corporations and their rich friends" not having to pay their fair share of taxes. They would gladly raise taxes on the middle class and the poor and that's the damn truth!-Mem
Added July 2, 2011
@Gary Elliott and Patricia Mangan
www.msnbc.msn.com
June 27: Chris Hayes, Washington editor for The Nation magazine, talks with Rachel Maddow about lengths to which Republicans are going, including opposing their own proposals and hurting the U.S. economy, to undermine President Obama.
Added July 2, 2011
@Joe Gay
If people continue to vote for and support the tea party republicans then you have NOTHING to complain about. It will NOT be Obama's Fail, but it will be yours when you vote against your own self interest!-Mem
Added July 2, 2011
@Joe Gay
Medicare's Still Delivering After 45 Years; The Only Serious Threat to Its Future is Paul Ryan | The
www.thenation.comForty-five years ago this week, the first Medicare checks were delivered, and the United States made a great leap forward. Before Medicare was implemented – as a social-welfare program designed not just to deliver care but to poverty -- one in five Americans lived below the poverty line.
Added July 2, 2011
Sharon Heath via Judie Montoya
Added July 2, 2011
Sharon Heath via Judie Montoya
@
progresszine.com
Minnesota's state government shut down this morning, and it didn't have to happen. Unfortunately, Republicans in our legislature cared more about the welfare of the top 0.3% of income earners than the other 99.7% of us "bottom feeders." This shutdown will personally affect me and my family, as well
If people continue to vote for and support the tea party republicans then you have NOTHING to complain about. It will NOT be Obama's Fail, but it will be yours when you vote against your own self interest!-Mem
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